The Working Principle of Fixed - Cut Straightening Machine

1. Introduction

The Fixed - Cut Straightening Machine is a crucial piece of equipment in the metal processing industry. Its main function is to straighten metal bars, tubes, and profiles that have been deformed during previous manufacturing processes. By rectifying the shape of these metal products, the machine ensures their dimensional accuracy and surface quality, which are of great significance for subsequent processing and the performance of the final product.

2. Basic Structure Overview

Before delving into the working principle, it is necessary to understand the basic structure of the Fixed - Cut Straightening Machine. Generally, it consists of several key components: the material feeding system, the straightening unit, the cutting mechanism, and the control system.

3. Working Principle of the Straightening Process

3.1 Deformation Analysis

When a metal bar or profile is deformed, it has a certain curvature. The basic idea behind the straightening process is to subject the deformed material to a series of reverse - bending deformations. According to the principle of material mechanics, when a metal is bent, the outer layer is in a state of tension, and the inner layer is in a state of compression. By applying appropriate reverse - bending forces, the material can be gradually restored to a straight state.

3.2 Function of Straightening Rollers

The straightening rollers in the Fixed - Cut Straightening Machine play a vital role in the straightening process. The rollers are arranged in a multi - stage configuration. As the deformed material passes through the straightening rollers, the rollers gradually apply pressure to the material. The upper and lower rollers work in tandem, with the upper rollers applying downward pressure and the lower rollers providing upward support. The different positions of the rollers in the vertical and horizontal directions are adjusted to create a specific bending moment distribution along the length of the material.

For example, in a four - roll straightening unit, the first pair of rollers may be adjusted to apply a relatively large bending force to initially correct the gross curvature of the material. As the material progresses through the subsequent pairs of rollers, the bending force is gradually reduced, and the material is further refined to achieve the desired straightness. The rotation of the rollers also helps to move the material forward continuously during the straightening process.

4. Working Principle of the Cutting Process

4.1 Shearing - type Cutting

In the case of shearing - type cutting mechanisms, two sharp blades are used. One blade is fixed, and the other is movable. When the straightened material reaches the cutting position, the movable blade is driven by a hydraulic or mechanical device to move rapidly towards the fixed blade. The high - pressure shearing force generated between the two blades cuts through the metal material. The key to achieving accurate cutting is to control the movement of the movable blade precisely. The control system calculates the required cutting length based on the input parameters and triggers the cutting action at the right moment.

4.2 Saw - cutting

Saw - cutting mechanisms, on the other hand, use a rotating saw blade to cut the material. The saw blade is usually made of high - speed steel or other hard - wearing materials. As the straightened material is fed to the cutting area, the saw blade rotates at a high speed and gradually penetrates the material. The feed rate of the material and the rotation speed of the saw blade need to be coordinated to ensure a smooth and accurate cut. The control system also plays a crucial role here, regulating the feed speed and the start/stop of the saw - cutting operation to achieve the desired cutting length.

5. Conclusion

The Fixed - Cut Straightening Machine combines the processes of straightening and cutting to efficiently process deformed metal materials. Its working principle is based on the application of mechanical forces to correct material curvature and then accurately cut the straightened material. Through the coordinated operation of its various components, this machine can meet the high - precision requirements of the metal processing industry, contributing to the production of high - quality metal products.